Acidizing
Acid Fracing
Acidizing, also known as acid fracing, is the technique in which fluid is injected into subsurface rock formations with greater pressure than the rock can withstand, and the rock is fractured under the pressure. Acid is then forced into the newly formed fractures to dissolve more rock and open up a deep channel for petroleum flow. The acid is held under pressure for a short period of time to allow it to react with the formation matrix. The spent acid is then flowed or swabbed out of the well, after which the well is put back into production. Acidizing is most often used for two functions: increasing permeability throughout the formation and cleaning up formation damage near the wellbore caused by drilling or completion fluids.
Damage Removal
Formation damage near the wellbore can occur during drilling completion, work over, production or injection. When the formation near the wellbore is damaged, it restricts the flow of oil or natural gas to the wellbore. There is often a dramatic upturn in production once that damage is removed. Acidizing can also restore or even improve flow rates by creating new flow channels. Horizontal wells in particular often require acidizing to clean up damage due to drilling mud before they can be brought into production.
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